Sodium apolate

A reduced form of folic acid that serves as a cofactor in methyltransferase reactions and is the major one-carbon carrier in one carbon metabolism important for the synthesis of thymidine for incorporation into DNA or the synthesis of purines, as

A fibrate that acts as a lipid-lowering agent, decreasing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides displays high affinity for L-FABP (K_i = 24 nM) exhibits EC₅₀ values of 18 and 30 &microM for murine and human

A glycine conjugate of lithocholic acid, a bile acid.

An antioxidant and free radical scavenging compound extracted from S. miltiorrhiza that has been investigated for its cardioprotective and chemopreventative properties.

Traumatic acid is a product of the hydroperoxide lyase pathway in plants. It is a wound healing agent that stimulates cell division near a wound site to form a protective callus.

A fluorogenic substrate that can be cleaved by caspase-4, -5, and -9.

An antioxidant and free radical scavenging compound extracted from S. miltiorrhiza that has been investigated for its cardioprotective and chemopreventative properties.

A potent, competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase (Ki = 0.6 nM).

An inhibitor of USP14 and UCHL5, two proteasome-associated deubiquitinases inhibits DUB activity in purified 19S proteasomes with an IC50 value of 2.1 &microM blocks tumor progression in vivo in mice and prevents organ infiltration in mouse

A ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor and iron chelator with antitumor activity inhibits DNA synthesis and repair by destroying the tyrosine free radical in the R2/p53R2 subunits of ribonucleotide reductase through the formation of a redox active

A natural indole alkaloid with demonstrated beneficial effects in cancer, obesity, inflammation, and many other conditions an AhR antagonist (Ki = 28 nM), activator of TRPV1 (EC₅₀ = 45 nM), and inhibitor of signaling through NF-&kappaB.

A natural triterpene that has diverse anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic effects, blocking NF-&kappaB activation in macrophages and altering lipid metabolism in mice, at least in part through antioxidant actions.